Cardiovascular disease, also known as coronary artery disease, refers to
the class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels (arteries
and veins). While the term technically refers to any disease that
affects the cardiovascular system (as used in MeSH), it is usually used
to refer to those related to atherosclerosis (arterial disease).
How severe is the problem?
Well, it's huge! Here are some staggering facts about Cardiovascular
diseases:
In 2002 it was estimated that 29 percent of
deaths worldwide (16.7 million deaths) were due to CVD and that 43
percent of global morbidity and mortality, measured in
disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), was caused by CVD
Estimates
for the year 2006 are that 80 million people in the United States have
one or more forms of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
CVD claimed
864,480 lives in 2005 (final mortality) (35.3 percent of all deaths or 1
of every 2.8 deaths)
CVD is the most expensive health care cost
in the US, topping $313.8 billion in direct costs to the U.S. in 2009!
What causes cardiovascular disease?
There are several risk factors that can cause heart diseases. Of them
are:
Age
Absence of key nutritional elements,
such as polyphenol antioxidants
Elevated homocysteine,
or even upper half of normal
Elevated blood levels of
asymmetric dimethylarginine
High blood pressure
Exposure
to high levels of environmental noise
Obesity, especially
central or male-type obesity; apart from being linked to diabetes, this
form of obesity independently increases cardiovascular risk, presumedly
by inducing an inflammatory and procoagulant state
Genetic
factors/Family history of cardiovascular disease
Physical
inactivity/ Sedentary lifestyle
Depression
Stress
Dietary Factors
In his book "The Heart Healthy Program", the cardiologist Dr. Richard M.
Fleming has identified several key dietary factors that can lower the
risk of heart disease, including:
Lowering of LDL
cholesterol by reducing saturated fat intake.
Lowering of
Triglyceride levels by reducing consumption of sugary and processed
foods.
Reduction of Homocysteine levels by supplementation with
Vitamins B6 and B12, and folic acid.
Increased antioxidant
activity by higher consumption of fruits and vegetables.
Lowering
of fibrinogen and growth factors by cutting back on foods such as red
meat, dairy products, poultry and eggs.
Dr.
Asa Andrew
outlines the "anti-inflammatory diet" in his book
Empowering
Your Health
which discusses in depth the harmful effects that food have on our
bodies and the consequences that result from eating the wrong kinds of
foods. We strongly suggest you read either Dr. Asa's book, or go check
out
Dr. Oz's website
and read his book, You, on a Diet to understand how truly
devastating foods can be to our bodies.
How is this related to Childhood Obesity?
Good question, and one that deserves a good answer. For starters, there
are very few diseases that start before we are born. Though there are
some such diseases like sickle cell anemia, down syndrome, and even
atherosclerosis, obesity is generally not considered genetic.
We
do know that parents who contract any type of illness generally have
children who are already predisposed to contracting that same illness,
though not necessarily because of their genes. Looking at obesity, we
can give examples of how this is true. For instance, if Little Johnny's
parents are obese, then they live a lifestyle that got them into that
position. Since Little Johnny doesn't know any better, he tends to eat
the same foods, and do the same activities as his obese parents.
Therefore, Little Johnny actually has a lifestyle that is
predisposed to becoming obese. It had very little to do with his
genetics.
Later in life, people tend to have medical problems that didn't exist in
the earlier years. Let's assume that Johnny is now grown up, and his
parents passed away from heart disease in their early 60's. Johnny has
been overweight his entire life, and now the doctor is telling him that
he has
atherosclerosis
caused by his overeating of saturated and trans fats, as well as his
excessively
high
cholesterol.
Johnny is now at risk of heart disease because his lifestyle promoted
the disease within his body. Had Johnny not lived an obese person's
lifestyle, he would possibly have been able to put off this diagnosis
for a long time, if not indefinitely.
Research
on Obesity
Research on Obesity is a major factor in whether or not we, as a
species,
will be able to combat the effects of unhealthy living and diseases
associated with
being obese.
Heart
disease and childhood obesity.
Heart disease is a major concern with childhood obesity. For the first
time ever we are seeing children have heart attacks!